The Art of Engineering

The following civil engineering aspects you shall focus upon if it is a manual tunnelling method used for road construction (smaller projects) 1.     Techniques of controlled blasting ( tamrock boomer) 2.     Rock bolt anchoring (for stabilising rock excavations) 3.     Shotcreting of walls (inner side)   For in case of tunnelling at longer lengths (like underground metro or large rail road projects, hydro power project) tunnel boring machines (TBM) are used also its depends on alignment and shape of tunnel section.  TBMs are the current trend and an effective way of building tunnels. But isn't cost effective when the lengths are short. TBM is itself is such a huge automated equipment that simultaneously bores, transports surplus earth, places precast slabs at its required places, fixes the slabs and water proofing with pressure grouting. All these works are being done continuously while TBM is on move, with the help of fe...

  The main  principle of Cooling tower based on evaporation . A cooling tower’s function is to remove heat from a building or process application that generates heat and must be dissipated. Cooling towers uses the heat transfer method of convection and surface area contact between fluids to help cool water cycling back from the source that is to be cooled to a suitable temperature to re-carry heat. In this process the sensible heat of hot water is converted to latent heat of vaporisation. The fundamental principal employed in accomplishing this removal of heat is the evaporation of water. How this evaporation is accomplished varies among differing types of cooling towers but nearly all towers rely upon the atomization of the water over sprinkler heads, allowing the water to “rain” over fills which are a honeycomb-like structure that increases the surface area of the water , and then pulling air across the surface of the water through the use of fans.   Cooling tow...